A comprehensive review with a phytochemical approach on the natural insecticide pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Master of Science, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shahed University.

2 Master of Science in Medicinal Plants, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shahed University

3 Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shahed University.

Abstract
This paper is structured as a systematic literature review. A thorough search was conducted across major international scientific databases including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using key terms such as Pyrethrum, Pyrethrins, Pyrethrin biosynthesis, HPLC analysis of pyrethrins, LC–MS/MS pyrethrins, and botanical insecticides. The search spanned publications from 1970 to 2025, with particular emphasis on analytical advancements in the last decade. Peer-reviewed research articles, review papers, book chapters, and reports from authoritative bodies like the WHO and FAO were critically evaluated. The focus was on integrating current knowledge regarding the chemical profile of pyrethrins, their biosynthetic pathways, the impact of environmental and genetic variables on accumulation, extraction methods (both classical and modern), and validated analytical techniques especially high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) used for quality control and residue monitoring.

Keywords


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  • Receive Date 19 December 2024
  • Revise Date 19 January 2025
  • Accept Date 27 January 2025
  • First Publish Date 15 February 2025
  • Publish Date 15 February 2025