نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد حشره شناسی کشاورزی، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران

2 استاد گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران

چکیده

شته جالیز (Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae)) یکی از مهم‌ترین آفات کشاورزی در سراسر جهان محسوب می‌شود. برای کنترل جمعیت این آفت، تحقیقات در زمینه استفاده از ترکیبات گیاهی و زیست‌محیطی در دهه‌های اخیر افزایش یافته است. اسانس‌های گیاهی به دلیل فرّار بودن و ماندگاری بسیار کوتاه‌مدت در محیط، به‌عنوان آفت‌کش‌های زیست‌سازگار می‌توانند یکی از بهترین جایگزین‌ها برای آفت‌کش‌های شیمیایی در کنترل شته‌ها باشند. در مطالعه حاضر، ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی و سمیت حشره‌کشی اسانس گیاه آویشن دنایی (Thymus daenensis Celak) از خانواده نعناعیان (Lamiaceae) علیه شته جالیز در شرایط آزمایشگاهی با دمای ۲±25 درجه سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 5±60٪ و دوره نوری ۱۶ ساعت روشنایی و ۸ ساعت تاریکی بررسی شد. اسانس با روش تقطیر با آب و استفاده از دستگاه Clevenger استخراج گردید. مرگ‌ومیر در غلظت‌های مختلف از 1/0 تا 9/0 میکرولیتر بر 150 میلی لیتر هوا و با سه تکرار در فاصله زمانی ۲۴ ساعت ارزیابی شد. همچنین اثر بازدارندگی تولید پوره در غلظت‌های تحت‌ زیرکشندگی اسانس بر فرم بکرزایی شته بررسی گردید. نتایج نشان داد که اسانس T. daenensis برای شته A. gossypii سمی است. ترکیبات اصلی اسانس شامل ۳-متیل-۴-ایزوپروپیل‌فنول (94/26٪)، تیمول (40/22٪)، پارا-سایمن (81/13٪)، γ-ترپینن (74/6٪)، بورنئول (24/5٪) و لینالول (31/4٪) بودند. تحلیل پروبیت نشان داد که مقادیر LC50 برای پوره‌ها و بالغین شته A. gossypii به‌ترتیب برابر با 0087/0 و 0016/0 میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا بود. همچنین میزان بازدارندگی تولید پوره توسط اسانس T. daenensis برابر با 49/46 ± 71/4٪ محاسبه شد. نتایج کلی نشان داد که اسانس آویشن دنایی پتانسیل بالایی در کنترل شته جالیزی ، به‌ویژه در محیط‌های محافظت‌شده مانند گلخانه‌ها دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Phytochemical and Insecticidal Study of the Avishan-e-denaii (Thymus daenensis Celak.) Essential Oil against the Melon Aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehran Zamani 1
  • Habib Abbasipour Shoshtari 2
  • Samira Gudarzvand Chigini 1

1 MS.c graduated student, Agricultural Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

2 Professor of Agricultural Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the most important pests of agriculture worldwide. To control the pest population, research on the use of the environmental and plant-based compounds has increased in recent decades. Essential oils due to volatility and very short-term persistence in the environment, as biocompatible pesticides can be considered as one of the best alternatives to chemical pesticides in aphid's control.
Materials and Methods: In the current study, phytochemical and insecticidal toxicity of the essential oil from Avishan-e-denaii, Thymus daenensis Celak. (Lamiaceae) was studied against the melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover. in the laboratory conditions under 25±2°C, 60±5% RH and 16L:8D photoperiods. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation method, using a modified Clevenger-type apparatus. Mortality was evaluated at different concentrations that ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 µL/150 ml air, and with three replications at the interim of 24 hours. Also nymph production deterrent effect of the oil at sublethal concentration was studied against parthenogenesis form of aphid.
Results and Discussion: Results indicated that essential oil of T. daenensis is toxic to the A. gossypii. The major components in the oil were 3-Methyl-4-isopropylphenol (26.94%), Thymol (22.40%), P-Cymene (13.81%), γ-Terpinene (6.74%), Borneol (5.24%) and Linalool (4.31%). Probit analysis showed that the LC50 values for nymphs and adults of A. gossypii were 0.0087 and 0.0016 µl/150 ml air, respectively. Also, degree of nymph production deterrent effect was calculated for essential oil of T. daenensis as 46.49 ± 4.71%.
Conclusion: The overall results showed that the Avishan-e-denaii essential oil has high potential in controlling the melon aphid especially in protected areas such as geenhouses.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chemical composition
  • Thymus daenensis
  • Fumigant toxicity
  • Nymph production deterrent
  • Aphis gossypii
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