نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• رضا صادقی ¹
• زهرا توکلی زاده ²
• ارسلان جمشیدنیا ³

¹ گروه حشره شناسی و بیماری‌های گیاهی داشگاه تهران

² بررسی تاثیر عصاره پوست انار( Punica granatum) و پوست گردو( Juglans regia) بر سلول های خونی، دورکنندگی و سمیت تدخینی لارو Galleria mellonella

³ دانشگاه تهران- پردیس ابوریحان- گروه گیاهپزشکی

چکیده

عصاره‌های گیاهای اثرات گسترده‌ای را روی آفات از خود نشان داده‌اند و به سبب خواص حشره کشی، دورکنندگی توجه بسیاری از محققان را به خود جلب نموده‌اند، اما مشکل عمده این ترکیبات غیر اقتصادی بودن آنها است. از طرفی اگر بتوان از ضایعات کشاورزی استفاده نمود هزینه ها به شدت کاهش می‌یابد. به همین منظور در این پژوهش اثرات غلظت‌های (5%، 15% و 30% عصاره پوست انار، Punica granatum و غلظت‌های (5%، 10%، و 20%عصاره پوست گردو، Juglans regia روی سلول‌های خونی لارو شب‌پره موم‌خوار، Galleria mellonella مطالعه شد. غلظت‌های 5%، 10%، 15% و 20% عصاره‌ها به منظور بررسی میزان دورکنندگی و با استفاده از لولۀ اولفکتومتر و غلظت‌های (100، 170، 200، 300 و400 میکرولیتر) از عصاره گردو و غلظت‌های (500، 700، 900 و 1000 میکرولیتر) از عصاره انار به منظور بررسی خاصیت سمیت تدخینی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان دورکنندگی برای عصاره گردو و عصاره انار در غلظت20 % و به ترتیب در 12 ساعت و 18 ساعت پس از تیمار شدن ایجاد می شود. به علاوه نتایج نشان داد که سمیت تدخینی گردو بسیار بیشتر از عصاره انار برای لارو G. mellonella است. همچنین تعداد کل سلول‌های خونی و پلاسموتوسیت‌ها پس از تزریق عصاره گردو و تعداد گرانولوسیت‌ها و تعداد کل سلول‌ها پس از تزریق عصاره انار با افزایش غلظت کاهش یافت و تعداد سلول‌های گرانولوسیت پس از تزریق عصاره گردو و نیز تعداد پلاسموتوسیت‌ها پس از تزریق عصاره انار روند متفاوتی را به همراه داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• گرانولوسیت
• پلاسماتوسیت
• دورکنندگی
• سمیت تدخینی

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of Punica granatum and Juglans regia extracts on Galleria mellonella blood cells with their repellency and fumigant toxicity

نویسندگان [English]

• Reza Sadeghi ¹
• Zahra Tavakolizadeh ²
• Arsalan Jamshidnia ³

¹ Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology university of Tehran

² Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural Technology, University of Tehran

³ Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural Technology, University of Tehran

چکیده [English]

Introduction: The use of plant pesticides in pest control has become necessary due to the expansion of the use of chemical pesticides that has led to environmental damage. Extracts obtained from plants, which are mainly extracted from natural sources and different parts of plants, have been considered as a natural and efficient alternative to replace chemical pesticides. One of the obvious advantages of plant pesticides is high biological degradability and less toxic effects on non-target organisms and plants. High biodegradability means the ability of these materials to be broken down and transformed into harmless materials by microorganisms and natural environmental processes. Plant pesticides usually contain compounds that are produced through natural processes in plants and are responsible for defending the plant against pests. The expansion of the use of plant pesticides is not only due to their efficiency in pest control but also due to their compatibility with the principles of sustainable agriculture and the protection of biological diversity.
Materials and Methods: In this study, effects of concentrations of (5%, 15% and 30% of Punica granatum) and concentrations of (5%, 10% and 20% of Juglans regia extract) on Galleria mellonella were studied. For this purpose, one microliter of the desired concentration was injected to the abdominal wall of the larva, and then one of the second abdominal pair’s legs was cut, and the extracted hemolymph of the leg was studied and blood cells were counted. In addition, concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of extracts were evaluated to determine the degree of repellency by using an olfectometer tube and concentrations of (100, 170, 200, 300 and 400 μl) of Juglans regia extract and concentrations (500, 700, 900 and 1000 μl) of Punica granatum extract was studied to determine the fumigant toxicity.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that the highest amount of repellency for J. regia extract and P. granatum extract was obtained at 20% concentration and created 12 hours and 18 hours after treatment, respectively. In addition, the results showed that the fumigant toxicity of J. regia extract was much higher than that of P. granatum extract for G. mellonella. Also, the total number of blood cells and plasmatocytes after injection of J. regia extract and the number of granulocytes and the total number of cells after injection of P. granatum extract decreased with increasing concentrations and the number of granulocyte cells after injection of J. regia extract as well as the number of plasmutocytes after injection of P. granatum extract had a different process.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• granulocyte
• plasmatocyte
• repellency
• fumigant